Turbine



July 10, 1923.

' 1,461,699 L. DE SANTIS TURBINE 4 TTOR/VEVS Filed Aug. 10. 1921 2Sheets-Sheet 1 Patented July 10, 1923.

UNITED STATES 1,461,699 PATENT OFFICE.

LOUIS DE 'snnrrs, or YONKERS, NEW Yoax.

' .1 TURBINE.

Application filed August 10, 1921., Serial No. 491,314.

7 '0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, LOUIS DE SANTIS, a citizen of the United States, andaresident of Yonkers, in the county of Westchester and State of NewYork, have invented a new and Improved Turbine, of which the followingis a full, clear, and exactdescription.

This invention relates to engines of the rotary type and refers moreparticularly to fluid actuated turbines.

Primarily the invention contemplates a turbine having independentlyactuated rotor units mounted on a common drive shaft and arranged in acommon housing whereby the reverse driving. of the drive shaft may beobtained and whereby when one of said units is actuated, the otherinactive unit will constitute a balance or flywheel for the other. 7 y

The invention further contemplates a novel controlling valve whichserves as a means for rendering one of the rotor units inactive when theother unit i rendered active.

A further object and advantage of the invention resides in the provisionof a turbine having a primary intake leading from an annular fluidsupply chamber surrounding the rotor and a, plurality of auxiliaryintakes leading from said sup-ply chamber and circumferentiallydistributed about the rotor, together with manually controlled means foropening and closing the auxiliary intakes to increase or decrease thepressure against the rotor at various points in its or it.

With the above recited and other objects in view the invention residesin the novel construction, combination and arrangement of parts setforthin the following specification, particularly pointed out in the appendedclaims and illustrated in the accomv panying drawings, it beingunderstood that the right is reserved to embodiments other than thoseactually illustrated herein to the full extent indicated bythe generalmeaning of the terms in which the claims are expressed and by variationsin the phraseology of the same.- i

In the drawings- Figure 1 is a transverse sectional view through aturbine constructed in accordance with the invention, said section beingtaken approximately on the line indicated at 1--1 in Figure 2;

Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view taken approximately on theline 2-2 of Figure 1 Figure 3 is a detail horizontal sectional viewthrough the control valve taken approximately on the line 3-3 of Figure2;

Figure 4 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view taken approximately onthe line 4-4 of Figure 2; and

cal construction, each being provided with a centrailly arranged,outwardly projecting boss 17 having an opening therethrough to provideabearing for the opposite reduced extremities 18 of a common drive shaft19, said drive shaft extending through a central opening 20 in thecentral wall 12. A suitable form of thrust bearing and packing member 21is arranged adjacent the opening 20 for preventing communication fromone compartment to the other.- The end walls 15 and 16 are provided ontheir inner face with a concentric recess or depression 22 in which theWeb 23 of the high pressure rotor issnugly received, the hub Y 24:thereof being keyed as at 25, to the drive shaft. The rotor 26 is ofannular formation and is in the nature of an outwardly projecting rimprovided with blades 27 defining pockets 28 ,therebetween, said pockets1 and blades being radially disposed with respect'to the drive shaft.The walls 15 and 16 are further provided with annular concentric fluidsupply chambers 29' spaced from the recesses 22.. A covering wall 30having. a concentric annular boss 31 is secured over the inner face ofeach end wall with the boss 31 thereof projecting into th recess 22. Theend walls are provided with primary intake ports 32 for establishingcommunication between the fluid supply chamber 29 and the pockets 28 ofthe rotor.

I Preferably the primaryv intake port is provided with a funnel-shapedinlet end 33 and a flared outlet end whereby the fluid in passingthrough the intake port will coact with a plurality of the blades andpockets of the rotor simultaneously. Adjacent the outletend of theintake port, the boss 31 is provided with a substantially U-shapedbypass 35, which receives the fluid passing from the pockets 28 andtransmits the same to other pockets in advance. Likewise at the point ofjuncture of the exhaust end of the by-pass 35, the end wall is providedwith a similar U-shaped by-pass 36, the same being of a slightly greatersize than the pri mary by-pass 35. At the outlet end of the bypass 36 anauxiliary intake port 37 joins the same, the inlet end 38 thereof beingprovided with a valve seat with which a closure valve 39 coasts, saidvalve 39 being provided with a stem 40 extending through and projectingfrom the outer peripheral wall of the fluid, supply chamber and providedwith a manipulating knob'41. I

At the outlet end of the'by-pass 36 on the opposite side of the rotor ab -pass 35 provided in the boss 31. rkdditionalbypasses 35 and 35 areprovided in the boss and additional lay-passes 36 and 36 are providedinthe end walls, said lay-passes being arranged in alternation and eachoil a gradually increasing size, At the juncture of each of theby-passes 36 and 36*, an auxiliary intake port 38 and 38 is provided,the same being controlled by a valve 39- and 39 with their exteriorlydisposed manipulating knobs 41 and 41. Between the by-pass35 and theintake aort' 32 an an exhaust chamber 42 is provit ed in each end wall,said exhaust being adapted to receive the fluid which is passed betweenthe blades of the rotor and through the pock ets therein and through thevarious bypasses in a sinuous course. A pair of low pressure rotors 43'and 44 are keyed as at .45, to the common drive shaft 19, said rotorsbeing disposed on opposite sides of a sta tionary separating member 46.A plurality of nipples 47 establish 'connnunication between the exhaustchamber 42 and the pockets of the low pressure rotor 43, saidnipplesbeing provided with enlarged outlet ends and restricted inletends. The low pressure rotors 43 and 44 areeach provided with an annularseries of radially disposed curved blades 48 defining lateral pockets49, while' the stationary member 46 is provided with reversely curvedblades 50 defining lateral pockets 51. As illustrated, the

pockets of the rotor 43 are substantially shorter and narrower than thepockets of the rotor 44, While the pockets of the statipnary member 46are formed in such a. manner as to gradually increaes in width andthickness from the end which coinmunicates with the pockets of the rotor43 to the end which communicates with the pockets of the rotor 44. Anauxilia y h gh whereby manual control of the high pressure intakepassage 52 is had. A rotor unit consisting of the high pressure rotor 26and the low pressure rotors 43 and 44, is located in each compartment 13and 14. The blades of one rotor unit are disposed oppositely to theblades of the otherrotor unit whereby the actuating fluid, whensubjected to one of said rotor units, w1ll drive the common drive shaft19 in one direction, and when cut oil therefrom and subjected to theblades of the opposite unit, w1ll drive said drive shaft in the oppositedirection. Eachcoinpartment is provided with an exhaust opening 60through which the fluid will pass from the compartment after havingperformed its function.

In order to provide means for drlving the drive shaft 19 in oppositedirections, use is made of a control valve 61 which commune catesat oneend'with a supply pipe 62 having a cut-off valve 63. The control valveis provided with two outlet ports 64 and 65' at its opposite end, whichcommunicate re spectively with the feed pipes 66 and 67 leading tointake ports 68 and 69 of the fluld supply chambers 29 of each of theend walls. signed to be respectively covered or uncovered by the slidingvalve members 70 'and 71, the stems 72 of which are respectivelyconnected by the links 73 to the opposite er:- tremitie's of a rock arm74 pivoted as at 75. The arrangement is such that when the rock arm 74is actuated to uncover the port 64, the port 65 will have beenpreviously closed prior to the opening of the port 64 or vice versa. Asuitable operating lever 7 6 is provided, for actuating the rock arm 74.Preferably each of the valve members 70 and 71 is of dove-tailedformation to fit the dovetailed guide seats 78 and the same are pro--vided with upstanding tubular bosses 7 9 which telescopically receivethe depending pins 80 from a'sliding guiding member 81. A coiledcontractile spring 82 is interposed between the guide member 81 and thebody of the valve member. V

In operation, under normal conditions, the valves of the auxiliaryintake ports are closed and the control valve is shifted to permit thefluid from the supply pipe 62 to enter the fluid supply chamber 29 inthe end wall 1'5 through the port 68 and pipe 66 The outlet ports 64 and65 are de- WlltEIGlil will successively act'on the blades 27 of the highpressure rotor 26 as it passes in a sinuous course through the by-passes35, 36, 35*,136, 35", 36 and 35 After passing through the final lay-pass35, the fluid will enter the exhaust chamber 42, from whence it willpass through the nipples l-7 and successively act on the blades 4:8 ofthe rotor 43, pass 'through;the ports 51 of the stationary member 46between'the' stationary blades 50, and thence act on the blades 48 ofthe rotor 44 and escape from the compartment 13 through the exhaustopening 60. Should additional speed be desired, the valves of the,auxiliary intake ports will be opened to admit the high pressure fromthe fluid supply chamber 29 to the outlet ends of the bypasses 36, 36and 36 and to admit a supply of high pressure directly to the lowpressure rotors 4:3 and 4a through the auxiliary high pressure port 52and conduit 54. If additional power is desired, it is only necessary toadd further low pressure rotors in pairs similar to the rotors 43 and4A. Under this condition the rotor unit on theright hand side of Figure2 will be idling and will act as a counterbalancing agent or flywheel.To reverse the motor the lever 7 6 is shifted to rock the arm 74,thereby closing the port 64 of the control valve and opening the port 65to cut off the fluid from the rotor unit on the left hand side of Figure2 and actuate the rotor unit on the right hand side of Figure 2, thusadmitting fluid through the pipe 67 to the inlet port 69 of the fluidsupply chamber 29 of the end wall 16. As the fluid travels through therotor elements of this rotor unit, the reverse curve of the blades willdrive the common drive shaft in a reverse direction, the rotor'elementsof the rotor unit of the left hand side of Figure 2 acting as aflywheel. It is, of course, understood that the control valve 61mayeither be actuated by hand or governor controlled.

From the foregoing it will be seen that a comparatively simple andinexpensive turbine has been provided which can be placed on and isespecially adapted for speed boats due to the fact that the same iscompact and is of the reversible type. It will also be seen. that thespeed and power may be regulated bv the auxiliary valves in order toadapt the motor for various conditions.

I claim:

1. A turbine including a plurality of rotor units mounted on a commondrive shaft, a casing having independent compartments for separatelyhousing said rotary units, each unit consisting of high andlow pressurerotors, an annular high pressure fluid supply chamber surrounding thehigh pressure rotors of each unit, a primary intake leading from saidsupply chambers to the high pressure rotors, a plurality ofcircumferentially spaced auxiliary intakes leading for separatelyhousing said rotary units,

each unit consisting of high and low pres sure rotors, a high pressuresupply chamber for each high pressure rotor having a plurality ofintakes communicating with various points in the cycle of rotation ofthe rotors and exhaust from each high pressure rotor, an intake to thelow pressure rotor communicating with the high pressure rotor exhaust,and means for selectively opening and closing the intakes to the highpressure rotors.

3. A turbine including a plurality of rotor units mounted on a commondrive shaft, a casing having independent compartments for separatelyhousing said rotary units, each unit consisting of high and low pressurerotors, a high pressure supply chamber foreach high pressure rotorhaving, a plurality of intakes communciating with various points in thecycle of rotation of the rotors and exhaust from each high pressurerotor, an intake to the low pressure rotor communicating with the highpressure rotor exhaust, means for selectively opening and closing theintakes to the high pressure rotors, a common feed for the'supplychambers of each unit, and means for simultaneously rendering one unitactive when the other is inactive.

4:. A fluid turbine including a casing, a drive shaft extending axiallythrough said casing and high and low pressure means for simultaneouslyactuating said drive shaft comprising a high pressure rotor secured tothe drive shaft, a low pressure rotor secured to the drive shaft. anannular fluid supply chamber, an initial intake leading from the fluidsupply'chamber to the highpressure rotor, an exhaust for said highpressure rotor,-an intake for the low pressure rotor communicating withthe high pressure exhaust, and ported means on opposite sides of saidhigh pressure rotor for effecting an annular sinuous course of the fluidthrough the rotor. I

5. A fluid turbine including a casing, a drive shaft extending axiallythrough said casing and high and low pressure means for simultaneouslyactuating said drive shaft comprising a high pressure rotor secured tothe drive shaft. a low pressure rotor secured to the drive shaft, anannular fluid supply chamber, an initial intake leading from the fluidsupply chamber to the high pressure rotor, an exhaust for said highpressure rotor, an intake for the low pressure rotor communicating withthe high pressure exnular sinuous course of the fluid through the rotor,said ported means being of gradually increasing area fromthe initialintake to the exhaust of the high pressure rotor.

6. A fluid turbine including a casing, a drive shaft extending axiallythrough said casing and highand low pressure means for simultaneouslyactuating said drive shaft comprising a high pressure rotor secured tothe drive shaft, a low pressure rotor secured to the drive shaft, anannular fluid supply chamber, an initial intake leading from the fluidsupply chamber to the high pressure rotor, an exhaust for saidhighpressure rotor, an intake for the low pressure rotor communlcatingwith the high pressure exhaust, ported means on opposite sides of saidhigh pressure rotor for efifecting an annular sinuous course of thefluid through the rotor, said ported means being of gradually increasingarea from the initial intake to the exhaust of the high -pres surerotor, auxiliary intakes communicating with the annular fluid supplychamber and various points in the cycle of rotation of the high pressurerotor, and means for manually and selectively opening and closing saidauxiliary intakes.

LOUIS DE SANTIS,

